Social Studies Curriculum Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social Studies Curriculum - Research Paper Example h the obligation of guaranteeing that the educational plan stresses on the significance of having understudies who are focused on the thoughts and estimations of majority rules system (Ross, 2006). Because of this, a student ought to have an away from of citizenship, a comprehension of chronicled advancement and contemporary types of intensity authority and administration. Students should be acquainted with the reasons and elements of the administration; they should have lucidity on the contrasts among just and non-vote based political frameworks. In this way the educational program designers ought to incorporate themes that enthrall the learner’s enthusiasm for open undertakings and along these lines reinforce abilities of self administration through resident interest encounters (Ross, 2006). This educational program ought to urge students to be progressively inspired by open issues and furthermore metro issues henceforth making them to be more dynamic individuals from the ge neral public as opposed to being uninvolved. An understudy ought to be confronted with the test of learning points of view about neighborhood, national and worldwide issues in regards to governmental issues (Ross, 2006). Accordingly the educational plan designers should concoct an educational plan that will survey the student too become a mindful resident with the information on the administration, law and legislative issues so as to settle on choices about the pertinent activities on governmental issues (Ross,

Outline and Evaluate the Psychodynamic Model of Abnormality

Layout and assess the psychodynamic model of variation from the norm. (12 Marks) The psychodynamic model (which depends on Freud’s hypotheses) expresses that variations from the norm are consequences of a contention which has turned out badly in the â€Å"psyche† (in the brain). Freud’s thought expresses that the mind †which is comprised of the (id, conscience and superego), should all work in ideal congruity with one another to abstain from being a strange person.It is the possibility that cognizant contemplations and emotions are dictated by the oblivious brain, and basically being intellectually solid requires a decent harmony between: the id (which controls the wants for which we live for so as to fulfill ourselves), the superego (which mulls over ethics and the contrast among good and bad) and the sense of self (which adjusts the superego and id to keep our conduct in check).From these 3 segments in the mind, you can rapidly observe that the id and supe rego are continually in struggle. This at last implies that for an individual to not build up a mental issue †a solid inner self is important as it will â€Å"get the best of both worlds† and make a parity, while permitting the superego and id to communicate (when appropriate), without ruling the character and subsequently, causing a mental disorder.An case of an irregularity which could happen from the id being excessively solid in kids (is creating conduct issue). In grown-ups (they become maniacs), all as a result of the character being taken over by the id. In the event that the superego is too solid socially worthy joys will be rare as psychotic practices, for example, fears and fixations will be obvious, as they will be continually focused with things that they need to do however â€Å"cant† in light of the fact that their too scared.Freud felt that the youth of an individual was basic in the advancement of character and that every unusual conduct are connec ted to adolescence. There are various ages related with various stages. A case of this is the oral stage which for the most part occurs between (0-year and a half) †the focal point of delight is the mouth (taking care of or sham) and if this is focused upon, this could prompt gorging or smoking so as to comfort themselves and their mouth. Another model is the butt-centric stage (2-4 years).A strife may emerge when potty preparing as though the youngster gets either over the top discipline or the guardians are excessively merciful during this stage it can prompt an obsession which will be taken to grown-up life. The final product could either be an individual who has an overbearing character (difficult fussbudget fixated on cleanliness) or a butt-centric unpleasant character (muddled individual with no restraint), as per Freud. The assessment of Freud’s model is that many nitty gritty bits of information were gotten as it was a case study.The discoveries supported Freudâ €™s speculations and hypotheses. Anyway Freud’s thoughts were emotional as very little †if any logical information was created to back his work up. This subsequently brings up issue stamps over the unwavering quality of his discoveries and hypotheses. Additionally the proof from the contextual analysis originated from his own patients who could constrain us to believe that his outcomes are problematic, as his patients may have been one-sided and basically furnished the responses Freud needed, in light of the fact that they were his patients.

What Is Akathisia Borderline Personality Disorder

What Is Akathisia Borderline Personality Disorder BPD Treatment Print Akathisia and Borderline Personality Disorder By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Updated on August 12, 2019 Mixmike / Getty Images More in BPD Treatment Diagnosis Living With BPD Related Conditions Akathisia is a common side effect of antipsychotic and antidepressant medications used to treat borderline personality disorder (BPD). Its main symptoms are extreme restlessness and discomfort. If you have akathisia, you may feel compelled to move, particularly your legs. It will cause you to constantly want to fidget or shift from one leg to the other.  While it may sound harmless, akathisia can be very irritating and can cause people with BPD to discontinue their medicine. Its important to recognize the symptoms of this side effect and talk to your doctor about them to get the best medicine for your situation.   Causes Scientific understanding of akathisia is currently very limited. While it is recognized as a common side effect of certain medications, doctors dont understand why or how it causes symptoms of restlessness. Some researchers suggest that it is caused by a chemical imbalance caused by the medication. It overstimulates areas of the brain, potentially resulting in the compulsion to move.   How Is Akathisia Recognized? Recognizing akathisia can be difficult, as it sometimes can appear to be a heightened version of your BPD symptoms. In some people, it makes them more anxious and nervous. In others, it is solely evidenced by the constant movement of the hands, feet or arms. In some rare cases, the akathisia has caused symptoms like rage, fear, nausea and psychotic symptoms.   The symptoms of akathisia often mimic or overlap with those of other illnesses, such as general anxiety disorder, depression or mania. In some cases, the sensation of this side effect is so odd that patients have difficulty explaining how theyre feeling, limiting the possibility for effective treatment.   Because of how easily akathisia can be confused with other illnesses or symptoms, a consultation with a clinician experienced in this side effect is usually recommended. He or she will use a tool such as the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale to determine its presence  and severity.   How Is Akathisia Treated? Once akathisia has been diagnosed, it is typically treated by discontinuing the use of whatever antidepressant or antipsychotic medication you are on. Depending on your situation, your healthcare provider may opt to simply lessen your dose rather than discontinue its use completely or she may prescribe a new medication.   In some cases, your doctor may also prescribe a beta-blocker to treat the akathisia symptoms. Beta-blockers prevent certain receptors that encourage increased cardiac activity from being activated. They are often used to treat high blood pressure or heart issues. Beta-blockers have been found to decrease or eliminate symptoms of akathisia when taken daily, so they are an effective treatment option for some people. However, beta-blockers have their own potential side effects, so talk to your doctor about your options and what sort of signs to look out for.   Bottom Line While akathisia is a common side effect of medication used to treat BPD, it is treatable and manageable. If you experience akathisia and are tempted to stop taking your medicine because of it, talk to your doctor about what you are feeling and your concerns. He will help you identify a solution that will make you more comfortable while maintaining your path to recovery.

The Educational Field For Various Reasons Essay - 1703 Words

These findings are beneficial for the educational field for various reasons. First, each individual works in a particular field to fulfill a personal sense of fulfillment. Teachers especially must have desire and job satisfaction since the educational system, as a whole does not offer great monetary or societal achievement. According to Bandura (1997) a teacher who has a strong belief in her or his teacher efficacy, the degree to which teachers feel that their own efforts determine the success of students, is more likely to put forth a greater effort and support towards student achievement. Second, if the student’s feel neglected or not supported then they will be more then likely to develop a learned helplessness or self-defeated outlook on life. Many times a school environment may be the only place where a child feels consistency and support. When the child is placed in a particular room for more then five hours a day with a role model individual the relationship becomes eve n more influential. When taken into account that many parents can only spend a few hours each evening with their children due to work schedules or other complications, then it is easy to see that the most influential individual in that child’s life is their teacher. Another interesting result of the research is that peer and teacher reports were almost always similar. For example, if the teacher thought a student was a troublemaker then the other students in the class reported the same sentiments.Show MoreRelatedCreating A Specific Program For An Organization1447 Words   |  6 Pagesmotivations, interests and the learning styles of every student independently. Although the advancement and progress in the field of technology has helped people develop such a system but it is still limited to specific educational institutions and regions of the world. In order to spread the use of this technology there is a huge need to promote this mechanism in the various parts of the world (Corneli, 2012). Apart from this there should be a wider or standardized coursework for the masses whichRead MoreStudents and University Life Adjustments1561 Words   |  6 Pages Students and University Life Adjustments Human life consists of various stages and each stage has its own characteristics and features. Proceeding through these stages is a joyful experience and human beings always long for the next stage to come. No doubt, people enjoy recollecting old memories but there is always a charm in imagining the time to come. It is valid for all individuals but for the students, the next stage is the symbol of progress and development. Students particularly wishRead MoreComputer Based Technologies Impact On The Way We Live, Work, And Play969 Words   |  4 Pages In 1970s datamining played an important role in scientific fields such as physics, biology, and climate science. In mid-1990s and into the first decade of the new millennium, data mining and analytics played important role in business practices. In the Educational field, data mining and analytics are useful to discover how people learn, to predict learning, and to understand real learning behavior. With this information, educational datamining can be used to design better and creative learningRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On The Classroom And The Individual Learner And Pay Essay1272 Words   |  6 PagesAdditionally, Januszewski and Molenda (2008) who suggested the gold-standard definition of educational technology, stated that the focus of EdTech research is now on the â€Å"appropriate application of processes and technologies† (p. 2) to enhance learning. Two things can be inferred from this statement: 1) the question is how to use technology, rather than what technology to use; and 2) the focus is to enhance learning. To find answer to this question, EdTech researchers need to look beyond the classroomRead MoreSociology Of Education As A Social Institution1489 Words   |  6 Pagesfeatures theory and resear ch focused on how education as a social institution is affected by and affects other social institutions and the social structure overall, and how various social forces shape the policies, practices, and outcomes of schooling (www.thoughtco.com). Sociology of education is the systematic study of educational system within the broader social context. At the heart of sociology is a special point of view called the sociological perspective of education. Read MoreInternet Technology And Its Effects On The World945 Words   |  4 Pagestransform of social and economic results or significance on various perspectives of our daily activities. It provides us with unlimited resource of everything in the world. Some of the main reasons that made internet indispensable in our daily activities are: - it is the main vehicle of social networking and entertainment, it creates an easy environment for business activities and it’s a tremendous player in educational and m edical field. Many people only see the negative or unfavorable aspectsRead MoreConcepts And Assumptions While Conducting Research1425 Words   |  6 Pagesworld functions† (p. 15). In the field of education, there are two widely recognized research paradigms: qualitative and quantitative. As one of the most important research paradigms, quantitative paradigm dominated most part of the 20th century until the 1980s, when qualitative research paradigm started to become an alternative to quantitative research paradigm. These two paradigms are always perceived as completely opposite to one the other in the research field so that some researchers named thisRead MoreProfessional Development Education1611 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopment Effective? Strategies That Foster Curriculum ImplementationAmerican Educational Research JournalAmerican Educational Research Journal921-9584442007American Educational Research Association00028312http://www.jstor.org/stable/30069418( HYPERLINK l _ENREF_5 o Penuel, 2007 #1187 Penuel, Fishman, Yamaguchi, Gallagher, 2007). Reasons that lead to people participating in professional development are various and diverse; career progression, professional competence maintenance, due to newRead MoreAbstract. This Paper Is Meant To Provide An Overview Of1658 Words   |  7 Pagestakes to become a developmental psychologist, the educational requirements for certification/licensing needed for practicing psychology, and the occupational outlook for the field over the next few years. Additionally, some of the positions, duties, and work environments are discussed as well as a brief examination of the reasons why this field and developmental psychologists are so crucial to the overall wellbeing of the human race. The field of Developmental Psychology is a very complex andRead MoreGender Differences Between Associate And Baccalaureate Degree Levels1639 Words   |  7 Pages While the nursing field continues to flourish in today’s job market,it is also experiencing a massive shortage. Despite this alarming fact, according to Buerhaus (2008): â€Å" Of the estimated 2.24 million RNs in the nursing workforce in 2006, 200,000 were men (8%)† (p. 2424). In order to alleviate the nursing shortage, nursing schools must allure men into the field by eliminating the feminization of the profession and appealing to a diverse demographic who choose to pursue a career in a female

Jean Piagets Theory of Development - 1080 Words

Jean Piaget’s theory is basically cognitive and developmental and most of his studies were based on his three children, he called this the clinical method. This method was used in interviews with patients by asking them questions and observing their behaviour. Whilst using this method he learnt that children under 7 years use different principles to base their judgments on compared to older children. Piaget would use the interview responses for following questions he could ask. The method at first did not receive much support because it was considered too subjective by other theorists. Today however, the theory is considered the most comprehensive on intelligential development. One of Piaget’s main concepts was the ‘Schema’. Piaget define†¦show more content†¦It has also been noted that today substantial bodies of experiments on sound literature have been formed. The lack of clarity in the development of key concepts and the absence of defined experimental tests of these key concepts has also been criticized as a similar analysis of other key concepts could be given, this relates to Piaget’s concept of stages which is central to most of his work and is now important in developmental psycholinguistics. â€Å"we shall distinguish three stages corresponding to the usual three levels. During stage 1, there are no seriations in the strict sense. The child’s constructions are intermediate between classification and seriation. During stage 2 there is a seriation but only according to one of the criteria, or else the child switches from one criterion to the other†¦Finally during stage three (starting 7-8 years) the child reaches a multiplicative arrangement based on the twofold seriation of the set of elements.† (Piaget,J, B,Inhelder 1969). This quote show little indication that the matters in which Piaget discusses could be different or that a child’s development could be incremental and continuous, some theorists have also suggested that his theory of stages could be an artificial device which has no scientific content, and so they question whether a child grows and develops in stages orShow MoreRelatedJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive And Affective Development1693 Words   |  7 PagesCognitive Theory of Jean Piaget The Methodology and Cognitive Theory of Jean Piaget Timothy Carlton Southwest Tennessee Community College A Paper Presented In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements For Life Span Psychology 2130-L01 July 31, 2014 â€Æ' â€Æ' Abstract Jean Piaget’s theory of Cognitive and Affective Development is a result of an interdisciplinary approach to understanding mental processes and the behaviors presented by those processes. Piaget’s theory encompasses development throughRead MoreJean Piaget: Biography and Theory of Cognitive Development1601 Words   |  6 PagesPiagets Theory of Cognitive Development: Jean Piagets theory of cognitive development is a description of the four distinct stages of development of cognition in children. The theory was developed at a time when Piaget was employed at the Binet Institute in the 1920s in which his main responsibilities were to develop the French versions of questions on the English intelligence tests. During this period, Piaget became increasingly concerned or interested with the reasons children gave for theirRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory And Theory1673 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is a theory? A theory is an organized set of ideas that is designed to explain development. These are essential for developing predictions about behaviors and predictions result in research that helps to support or clarify the theory. The theorist I am choosing to talk about is Jean Piaget who discovered the cognitive development theory and who broke it down into different stages. The different stages are the sensorimotor stage, the preoperational stage, the c oncrete operational thoughtRead MoreJean Piaget s Cognitive Theory Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pages Jean Piaget is a well-renowned twentieth century scholar responsible for the development of the Cognitive Theory, focusing on how people think over time, which, in turn, reflects in how how attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors are shaped. Jean Piaget observed and divided the Cognitive Theory into four periods of cognitive development, which occur in the following order: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Of the four stages, each has it’s own characteristicsRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Knowing921 Words   |  4 PagesJean Piaget was a developmental psychologist and philosopher from Switzerland. He is known for his epistemological studies with children. He was the first to make a systematic study of cognitive development. Piaget was also the Director of the International Bureau of Education. He was â€Å"the great pioneer of the constructivist theory of knowing.† He was known as the second best psychologist after Skinner by the end of the 20th century. Throughout his career, Jean Piaget declared that â€Å"only educationRead MoreGeneral Theorists And The General Theories Essay1556 Words   |  7 Pagesof their theories. It will discuss two critical points and explain how these points relate to the chosen theories. It will also relate to the theorists beliefs to the role as a nanny and provide examples of how the theories apply to the development of infants, toddlers, young children and their families. This essay will briefly outline the differences between the Maori theorist and compare the general theorists and include two examples of how these theories relate to Te Whariki. Jean Piaget wasRead MoreJean Piaget s Theories Of Cognitive Development1360 Words   |  6 Pages Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist. He worked in the fields of Developmental Psychology and Epistemology. He’s known for his works and theories in the field of child development. His theories of cognitive development and epistemological views are called, â€Å"genetic epistemology†. Piaget placed the education of children as most important. His works and theories still play a huge role and influence the study of child psychology today. Jean Piaget was born on August 9, 1896 in Neuchatel, SwitzerlandRead MoreThe Theories of Piaget and Kohlberg Essay1067 Words   |  5 PagesThe Theories of Piaget and Kohlberg Many researchers have written about child development, but none are quite as well known as Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg. Jean Piaget’s cognitive development theory and Lawrence Kohlberg’s moral development theory have been essential for researchers to gain a better understanding of child development. While these theories are unique in explaining different types of child development, they have many similarities and differences as well. Jean Piaget’s cognitiveRead MoreVygotsky And Vygotsky : Early Childhood Development1683 Words   |  7 Pages Amanda Rezzonico Piaget vs Vygotsky Early Childhood Development Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget are known in the educational world. Vygotsky and Piaget were developmental psychologists who had many of the same views and beliefs, but at the same time had opposing views. According to Jean Piaget â€Å"cognitive development was a repetitive reorganization of mental processes that derived from biological maturation in addition to environmental experiences’’ (McLeod, S. A. (2015). The childRead MoreUnderstanding Piaget Theory And Information Processing Theory1208 Words   |  5 Pagesof Cognitive theories has many different aspects that have been debated many years ago. Developmental psychologists try to explain cognitive development approaches which describe the process of human s thought. One of the developmental psychologist who studied on the area of cognitive was Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget a Swiss psychologist was the first developmental researcher who has extensive research on cognitive development. In addition, the revolution of Jean Piaget’s cognitive theory has changed

Karnani and Prahalad Free Essays

IN YOUR OPINION, which arguments you prefer: Karnani’s or Prahalad’s? Why? The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramide (F. BOP – Prahalad’s article) defend the idea that if MNC’s can succeed in the BOP market their potential rewards, such as growth, profits and contributions to human kind will be prodigious. This challenging opportunity is created due to the characteristics of an unsaturated market (e. We will write a custom essay sample on Karnani and Prahalad or any similar topic only for you Order Now g. ize) which required affordability, availability, awareness and access. The Mirage at the Bottom of the Pyramid (M. BOP – Karnani’s article) defend a different perspective from Prahalad’s arguing mainly that the BOP market is composed by 2. 7 billion of poors instead of 4 billion; that the fortune at BOP is a misleading notion due to high cost for MNC’s, poors’ purchasing power, fallacy of â€Å"affordability† and the uncorrect exemplifications in Prahalad’s article (e. g. Casas Bahia). Moreover, the article defend that it is not only crucial to raise poor’s income creating employment or lowering prices decreasing quality but also to create productivity, efficient markets, increase poor’s capabilities and freedom, make social and cultural changes and transform the role of government. Firstly, it is not possible to precise the size of the BOP market and therefore authors can use the more convenient source of data. In my opinion, the dimension the BOP market (4 billion or 2. billion) is in both cases relevant for MNC’s, comparing with saturated markets where they operate, which have the pressure to growth trough new markets or trough new products in order to survive. Also, the BOP opportunity has not only to do with profits but with gaining efficiency and innovation. Secondly, in my opinion, the poor consumer is not â€Å"fooled† to think that small size products are cheaper but they do not have another option. Therefore, give them the poss ibility of choosing others items (e. g smaller products) is a way to provide them, at least, the capacity for a daily consumption. Thirdly, all individuals have different consumption needs and therefore they can be prioritized differently. In my opinion, no interdiction or change can be made to avoid poor’s relatively bad consumption since it is more a matter of culture, habits and preferences than a lack of information. In the long term run, with the development of the country, the poor consumer will naturally change its consumption. The lack of information, mentioned before, is used by Karnani to explain the vulnerability of the poor consumer. Nevertheless, when Karnani defend that the BOP market prefers cheaper but lower quality products (e. g. Nirma) even if it can cause blisters, he seems to disregard the fact that consumers are not well-informed and may not know about potential effects. How can the poor consumer not have enough knowledge to understand the trade-off between buying two different products or the trade-off between small-size and price but have enough education to understand about the price-quality/safety trade-off? In my opinion, in this explanation, Karnani demonstrate some inconsistency in his arguments. Furthermore, I agree with the notion of â€Å"The poors as producers† but in order to be achieving it is necessary to have financial and governmental support, a minimum of infrastructures available, etc. Both articles make a reference about the importance of the employment creation, the productivity and the role of government which is without doubt crucial for the development of the BOP market. Finally, I can conclude that I prefer Prahalad’s perspective because he takes into account both consumption and production in order to achieve poverty alleviation in which multiple players are involved (e. g. NGOs, governamental authorities and other companies) and not only MNC’s. Also, in my opinion, creating the ability to consume is a way to create potential disposable income and original and lucrative markets. In that sense, F. BOP article, perceive and describe the development of the BOP market more as a complex and detailed process in which companies are still beginners and therefore still learning, improving and innovating. In addition, Prahalad’s article makes reference to more deterministic arguments and solutions. Nevertheless, even if I prefer Prahalad arguments I am conscient that there is still much to be resolved and improved. (e. g. environmental concerns) How to cite Karnani and Prahalad, Papers

Hospitality Management-Human Resources Management

Question: Discuss the different kinds of appraisal process in various types of a work place. Answer: Introduction The objective of the assignment is to focus on the different kinds of appraisal process in various types of a work place. The application of a standard and central process management system is known as the notion of the performance evaluation (Dessler, 2013). The overall process of performance appraisal to able informs all the employees of the organizations about the overall organizational goals and objectives. There are different kinds of the evaluation system in various groups. The assignment will focus on the application of the performance standards, performance measures, comparing actual with the desired performance, which discussed results and the overall decision-making process in the organization (Mondy Mondy, 2012). Overview of the assignment There are different kinds of performance appraisal which different team needs to follow in the overall managerial procedures. An overall performance appraisal is a formal interaction among all the employees in the management between an employee and the employee. Some of the standard assessment approaches are 360-degree feedback system, which includes the scenario to conduct the examination, which includes performing different kinds of the interview process with the human resource managers, managers, and superiors. The second appraisal point is the notion of the rating scale (Werner, Schuler, Jackson, 2012). There are two kinds of appraisal performance measures which different management system of the different organization needs to be performing towards the development process of an overall performance assessment system. Out of the entire examination, system in the organization, the most common, and effective performance is the ideas of the 360-degree appraisal system and the other one is idea of rating scale. The rating scale appraisal system allow the organization to develop an alternative type of performance appraisal based on different kinds of scores. The application of the 360-degree evaluation system, all the employees in the organizations gets the overall objective to evaluate all the demands in all the levels of management (Truss, Mankin, Kelliher, 2012). However, sometimes it becomes very much difficult for different teams to select the best performance appraisal in the overall management. It will allow the organization to develop the performance assessment by following 360-degree appraisal system will improve the process as the whole. Certain changes can be achieved towards the process of 360-degree performance appraisal. This particular technique will allow an appraiser to gather the complete the complete information about the profile of the employees (Mondy Mondy, 2012). All the informations which will be collected by the evaluator will provide very much helpful in the process of developing a proper appraisal measures by analyzing the factors which will provide very much practical as well as mean full employees evaluation system. Employees termination checklist 1) Type of termination Voluntary Employees provide Resignation Letter Verbal Resignation Involuntary 2) Office Access Disable security codes if necessary Change office mailbox Clean work area and remove personal belongings Others 3) Information Access Disable email account Disable Access to SAP Voice mail Others 4) Collected items Business cards P-card Secur ID Name badge The idea of the Canadian labor law is the body of which regulates the rights as well as the obligation of the trade unions and the works in Canada. Termination is one of the managers most distasteful jobs. There are certain parameters which a different manager needs to be performing while preparing the script. A few common things which needs to be analyzed is superior to avoid dropping and these must be done by maintain tactics. The scrip must be done by matching all the requirements of the organization and must be done ethically. There are certain rules and a regulation that needs to be performed based on the Canadian labor law. The checklist has been prepared by maintaining all the ethics in a proper manner. Conclusion The overall assignment will focus towards the development process of a proper appraisal system in the organization. There are different kinds of an assessment system that are followed by different managers in various organizations. With a view of 360-degree appraisal system, different organizations irrespective of the nature of the organizational operations gets benefited in certain ways and can be able to scan all the important factors. Reference List Dessler, G. (2013).Human resource management. Boston: Prentice Hall. Mondy, R. Mondy, J. (2012).Human resource management. Boston: Prentice Hall. Truss, C., Mankin, D., Kelliher, C. (2012).Strategic human resource management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Werner, S., Schuler, R., Jackson, S. (2012).Human resource management. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Budget For Terrorism Essays - Presidency Of George W. Bush

Budget For Terrorism Budgeting Against Terrorism This years budget will be required to address the new and dangerous reality of terrorism on the US home front. Over the next 5 years $50 billion dollars has been allotted to plans that are specifically geared to dealing with terrorism. In my belief in is important to separate the budget into two different categories of counter-terrorism. The first category allocates money in response to the attacks of September 11th. This money will contribute to programs that offer monetary assistance to both those directly affected by the attacks and those suffering from the negative economic impact of the attack. Approximately $30 billion dollars will be allocated to these programs for the first 2 years of the budget. In the following three years the monetary aid will be decreased to $20 billion dollars and that money will be funneled into maintaining security concerns both at home and abroad. The second category of programs seeks to combat terrorism on the home front. The programs included here w ill focus on preparing the US for and against more attacks. For the first two years the remaining $15 billion dollars will be given to these programs. After two years that $15 billion will be increased to $25 billion dollars because of the assumption that as the war on terrorism continues new avenues of terrorism will develop and new security measures will have to be developed. In the first 2 years $25 billion dollars of aid will be distributed into economic aid programs. $10 billion dollars will go as aid to US commercial airlines and the other $15 billion will go to increasing the benefits of the unemployed. It is important to help the airlines recover because of the money the represent in business and tourism. Also there is the issue of the lose of jobs in aviation since the attacks. In the 2-month period since September 11th 200,000 jobs have been lost in aviation. With the unemployment rate at its highest in the past 20 years the government cannot afford an even larger decrease in jobs. After 2 years this $10 billion will be decreased to $7 billion. This is an optimistic assumption that within this time period the airlines will be able to stabilize from the emergency and also be able to adapt to the new demands on their business. However, it is important to continue the aid for the final 3 years because it is unlikely that all the new changes that need to be made can be accomplished in 2 years and also because you have to allow time for the consumer trends to swing back to a place of normalcy in which more people are utilizing the services of the airline industry. The $15 billion increase in unemployment benefits will include both a lengthening of weeks unemployment is received. The time period will be increased for two reasons. Firstly, the job market is currently suffering because of a lack in consumption by the US public, which is a trend that is hard to predict. Secondly, increasing the time period helps worker efficiency. If workers take more time to search they may find jobs that are more appropriate for their skills, which enhances efficiency. There will be no formal time decrease on the amount of aid given to the unemployment program. Rather the aid will be adjusted over the five-year span in accordance to the unemployment trends being experienced. The hope is that after the first 2 years of the US dealing with this new threat and recovering from the attacks that an increase in consumer confidence will help the job market. If this is the case then the allotment to unemployment will be decreased by $5 billion. The last part of the aid category focuses on specifically aiding New York City. For 2 years this aid will be $6 billion dollars and then after will be decreased to $3 billion. This money is in addition to the emergency aid already provided to the city, which approximates $20 billion dollars. Instead of going simply to debris clean up and over time this money will try and help rebuild the New York economy. After the first 2 years the program will begin to

Free Essays on Henry Ford Revolution

The Ford Revolution Henry Ford was born July 30, 1863. He was raised on a farm in Deadborn, near Detroit, Michigan. His Father William was a prosperous farmer. Herny would show his interest in mechanics at an early age. Tinkering with anything he could get his hands on. Ford would begin to see that the horseless carriage was his calling in his early years. Henry Ford would go on create the Ford Motor Company where his innovative ideas for mass producing cars would redefine the way all other industries manufactured their products. In 1893 Henry Ford had successfully built his first gasoline engine. Ford had begun as an apprentice in a machine shop in, Detroit. During his apprentice period he opened his own machine shop; where he repaired portable engines for a harvesting company. When Ford’s employer sent him to a demonstration of an internal combustion engine in 1890 he got the idea to build a car. By 1896 Ford had built his first gasoline buggy, which was given a public trial and reached speeds up to 25mph. After building his buggy he decided to expand his ideas. Ford resigned from the Edison Company where he had been the chief engineer. Ford would start two car manufacturing companies before starting the Ford Motor Company in 1903. He had first begun the Detroit Automobile Co. in 1899 and then the Henry Ford Co. which both failed. As a result of several business disagreements with his partners; Ford started the Ford Motor Company in 1903. Ford started his new car company with partners Alexander Malcomson and James Couzens. By 1907 Ford purchased most of the stock in the company and from then on out it was controlled by the Ford family. In 1908 Henry Ford guided his chief engineer Harold Wills in the design of the Model-T. Ford amazed his colleagues with the things he could not do or even comprehend. He could not, for example, make or read blueprints, and even though he could he never worked with his h... Free Essays on Henry Ford Revolution Free Essays on Henry Ford Revolution The Ford Revolution Henry Ford was born July 30, 1863. He was raised on a farm in Deadborn, near Detroit, Michigan. His Father William was a prosperous farmer. Herny would show his interest in mechanics at an early age. Tinkering with anything he could get his hands on. Ford would begin to see that the horseless carriage was his calling in his early years. Henry Ford would go on create the Ford Motor Company where his innovative ideas for mass producing cars would redefine the way all other industries manufactured their products. In 1893 Henry Ford had successfully built his first gasoline engine. Ford had begun as an apprentice in a machine shop in, Detroit. During his apprentice period he opened his own machine shop; where he repaired portable engines for a harvesting company. When Ford’s employer sent him to a demonstration of an internal combustion engine in 1890 he got the idea to build a car. By 1896 Ford had built his first gasoline buggy, which was given a public trial and reached speeds up to 25mph. After building his buggy he decided to expand his ideas. Ford resigned from the Edison Company where he had been the chief engineer. Ford would start two car manufacturing companies before starting the Ford Motor Company in 1903. He had first begun the Detroit Automobile Co. in 1899 and then the Henry Ford Co. which both failed. As a result of several business disagreements with his partners; Ford started the Ford Motor Company in 1903. Ford started his new car company with partners Alexander Malcomson and James Couzens. By 1907 Ford purchased most of the stock in the company and from then on out it was controlled by the Ford family. In 1908 Henry Ford guided his chief engineer Harold Wills in the design of the Model-T. Ford amazed his colleagues with the things he could not do or even comprehend. He could not, for example, make or read blueprints, and even though he could he never worked with his h...

POST COLD WAR Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

POST COLD WAR - Research Paper Example The falling of the Berlin wall in 1989 marked the end of the Cold War and as a result the world moved from a state of military multipolarity to a state of unipolarity which still exists today. There is a debate concerning whether the world has become more stable and secure after the end of the Cold War. In 1979, there was a hypothesis presented by Kenneth Waltz that stated that the world is more secure and stable if there are few dominating powers. According to him, alliances had become more diffuse in a world that is multipolar than in a world that is bipolar (Trachtenberg 132). In the world history, the era of multipolarity was characterized by six states that competed for the influence and power distribution was constantly changing. There was stability during the period of the Cold War because there was sharing of domination between two super powers. There have been a lot of changes since the presentation of the hypothesis by Waltz. The end of the Cold War resulted in an end of ‘structural elements’ in the international framework that was facing the third world nations. That means that the world competition between the superpowers and the resulting search for the allies in the developing world. However, eliminating competition meant that there was now a decisive change in the western policy towards the third world nations (Trachtenberg 134). For example, they could no longer apply their strategic position in mineral resources or their political support in the regional conflict as bargaining points with the superpowers. The end of the Cold War resulted in changes in the world structure of the system which had a great effect on Third World nations. During the WWI and WWII a system of multipolarity raises conflict in the politics of the world, as many states of the same strength compete for influence and power. The states are not sure of the intentions of their rivals, which increase the possibility of a military action. Also, there is a constant

Media Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Media - Assignment Example Any story that sells means that the advertisers have a field day. Prior to the 2008 US presidential elections, Mr. Obama’s religion was questioned. There were claims that the former senator was a Muslim (Smith et. al., 2009). The media made this such a debate, so much so, he had to lay the issue to rest. Pundits viewed the scandal as a propaganda meant to derail his presidential ambitions then. The media have always capitalized on such scandals to cash in money (Smith et. al., 2009). Although the issue of religion is a â€Å"public issue†, one wonders why it did not generate endless debates prior to the campaigns. For instance, does one have to account for their middle names? Such was the case with Obama’s â€Å"Hussein† middle name. Politicians, like the rest of us, deserve to a fair treatment by the media (Marion, 2010). Some scandals were able to expose the mistakes and ‘evil’ sides of the politicians; majority of them were ‘created’ by different media houses so that they could make more money selling the stories to curious citizens (Marion, 2010). The pubic have a right to know the integrity of their leaders or would-be leaders; however, the politicians are entitled to their privacy. The media must ensure they expose only the scandals that touch of the politician’s integrity and efficiency concerning their public

Portrayal of Two Mothers in Blood Brothers

Portrayal of Two Mothers in Blood Brothers Compare how Willy Russell portrays the two mothers in â€Å"Blood Brothers†. Blood Brothers is a popular play by Willy Russell. It was written and first performed in 1981. The play tells of twin brothers, separated at birth, with one kept in a low-class family and the other is adopted into a wealthy family. The characters of Mrs Johnston and Mrs Lyons, the mothers, are total opposites. Mrs Johnston is a struggling, single mother of seven, with another two on the way, whereas Mrs Lyons is a privileged, yet childless, married woman. When we are first introduced to Mrs Johnston, she is a single mother ever since her husband left her for a younger woman. She is a low–class Liverpudlian, who is extremely hardworking. Mrs Johnston is described as a woman in her thirties, but looks sixty, because of the stress of work and her children. Mrs Johnston stutters at times, when shes under pressure, like when Mrs Lyons is persuading her to give away one of the twins, â€Å"Erm, well I think its the†¦ but, Mrs Lyons, what†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Act 1 Scene 5. Mrs Johnston is shown as unsure and pressured into something she doesnt want to do. The reader may find it disturbing, since not many mothers give away their children to their employers. Mrs Johnston realises what Mrs Lyons is talking about, but is still confused over the whole situation. When she talks, ellipses are used to show that she pauses in her dialogue, because she is uncertain about the consequences to what she is about to do, â€Å"At er†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Act 1 Scene 5. She is hesitating because she is in doubt and hasnt really decided. Mrs Johnston is lost for words and cant think of anything to say. Mrs Johnston is a superstitious lady, even though she denies it. The reader can see this in a scene between her and Mrs Lyons, â€Å"Mrs Lyons: [Twigging, laughing] Oh, you mean its superstition. Youre superstitious are you? The Mother: No. But you never put new shoes on a table.† Act 1 Scene 3. When Mrs Lyons laid shoes on the table, Mrs Johnston panicked. Mrs Lyons uses Mrs Johnstons belief of superstition against her when trying to keep her ‘son, Edward, one of the twins. Mrs Lyons contrasts really strongly against Mrs Johnston. At first, Mrs Lyons is shown as a bright person in her thirties, unlike the stressed Mrs Johnston who is the same age. Mrs Lyons is an upper middle-class woman. She is also a very patronising woman, who is forceful and pressurising. Mrs Lyons uses negative views about extra children so that Mrs Johnston will have to give away one of the twins to her. She doesnt do this in an aggressive way, but in a dangerously sweet manner, â€Å"Mrs Lyons: Already youre being threatened by the Welfare. With two more how will you avoid some of them being put into care? Surely, surely, Mrs Johnston, its better to give one child to me than to have some of them taken into care! If hes with me youll still be able to see him each day as you come into work.† Act 1 Scene 5. She gives Mrs Johnston reasons to give up a child. Mrs Lyons is shown to be self-centred, â€Å"My husband is due back tomorrow! I must have my baby now.† Act 1 Scene 6. She doesnt care about Mrs Johnstons feelings, Mrs Lyons only wants the baby because if Mr Lyons returns and doesnt see it, he will know that his wife was lying. Mrs Lyons is willing to take a child away from its mother, so that she can save her own skin. Mrs Lyons is a very sly and devious woman, as she uses superstition against Mrs Johnston, so that she can keep one of the twins, after Mrs Johnston tries to take him back, â€Å"Mrs Lyons: †¦ You know what they say about twins secretly parted, dont you? The Mother: [Terrified] What, what? Mrs Lyons: They say†¦ they say that if either twin learns he was one of a pair they shall both die immediately! It means, Mrs Johnston, that these brothers shall grow up unaware of the others existence. They shall be raised apart, and never, never ever told what was once the truth. You wont tell anyone, Mrs Johnston, because if you do you shall kill them!† Act 1 Scene 8. Mrs Lyons is being dramatic, but she knows that Mrs Johnston is convinced, because she saw how Mrs Johnston overreacted when she put shoes on the table. Mrs Lyons is very manipulative, but she conceals it very well. This superstition ends up backfiring on Mrs Lyons because Mrs Johnston soon forgets about it, but it continues to haunt Mrs Lyons decades later. She becomes paranoid and obsessive, believing that Mrs Johnston is following her to tell Edward the truth. This shows the reader that the superstition affects her instead of Mrs Johnston, the person it was intended for. When she is trying to convince Mrs Johnston to give away a twin, all she mentions is the materialistic advantages of her lifestyle, â€Å"The Mother: †¦ Hed be able to play on those lawns wouldnt he? And have his own room and†¦ Mrs Lyons: If he grew up here†¦ as our son†¦ He could have everything.† Act 1 Scene 5. Although she agrees with everything Mrs Johnston says, Mrs Lyons never mentions if she would love the child as if it was hers. The reader could think that Mrs Lyons could give him everything apart from love. The stage directions are in the text because Blood Brothers is a play. They are there because the dialogue doesnt describe how the characters are reacting or what the scenery is like. The stage direction gives the reader an idea of what is happening, without giving too much away, â€Å"The Mother: [Terrified] What, what?† Act 1 Scene 8. If the stage directions werent given, the reader wouldnt know how Mrs Johnston said it. She could have been curious or confused about the situation. The stage directions help with the readers imagination and interpretation of Blood Brothers. The Narrator is also a very good dramatic device. He acts as a shadow of the other character. The Narrator is there as a reminder of Mrs Johnston and Mrs Lyons agreement. The other characters dont acknowledge him which shows he is of a ghostly nature. The Narrator raises suspicion and builds up tension between the characters. He has no emotion and talks of the Devil, â€Å"Theres no use clutching at your rosary The Devils in the backyard, he can see Through the gaps in the curtains he sees it all, Theres no use hiding in the hall. When he raps at the knocker then he knows youre in; No you wont, no youll never get away from him No you wont, no youll never get away from him.† Act 2 Scene 1. The Narrator is trying to tell Mrs Johnston and Mrs Lyons that their pact wont work, because the truth will be known. He uses repetition and rhyme, so that his lines are more catchy and memorable. The Narrator is a creepy and disturbing character because he knows the future and talks about the Devil, which makes him God-like and all seeing. He is a neutral character because he doesnt choose sides and we dont know anything about him, other than he knows the fate of each character. The Narrator also represents superstition because he is there throughout the play, reminding the reader of the lie Mrs Lyons told. The dialogue of the two families is very diverse. Mrs Johnston uses ‘common English and Mrs Lyons uses ‘standard English. Mrs Johnston uses ‘common English in her dialect and many slang terms throughout the play, â€Å"Oh its, its smashing thank you, Mrs Lyons.† Act 1 Scene 3. This shows that she wasnt brought up in a rich family or she wasnt properly educated. Mrs Lyons uses ‘standard English in her language, since she is quite wealthy and possibly well educated. Instead of calling her son Eddie, she calls him Edward, â€Å"Edward! Edward its time for bed.† Act 2 Scene 3. Childhood is very prominent in the play. The reader can see a difference in the twins upbringing. Eddie seems to have grown up very fast because at the age of seven, he is already very polite and well spoken. His parents have influenced him because he is like a miniature adult. The reader can see that Mrs Lyons was very overprotective when she brought Eddie up, because he is already familiar with things like dictionaries at such a young age, â€Å"Eddie: In the dictionary. Dont you know what a dictionary is?† Act 2 Scene 2. Eddie speaks like he has used a dictionary a lot, whereas Mickey doesnt know what one is, but agrees to make himself look smarter. In contrast, Mickey is more wild and untamed. He plays childhood games, like mounted Police and Indians, and runs around with a toy gun. Mrs Johnston probably let him do whatever he wanted, because she had his other siblings to look after as well. This is something that Eddie never did, â€Å"Were playing mounted Police, and Indians. Im a Mountie. Mam, Mam, you know this morning weve wiped out three thousand Indians.† Act 2 Scene 1. A gun is mentioned throughout the play. At first, a harmless air gun is used a toy. This symbolises the fate of the twins. The child versions think its just a toy used to vandalise, but as they grow up, real guns are used. At the end of the play, when Mickey feels that Eddie has taken everything away from him, he produces an authentic looking gun. Even then it isnt real. The child and the adult Mickey thinks of guns as a relic of power. When Mrs Lyons moves to the countryside, she orders that poplars be planted, so that the council estate cant be seen. The poplars are a barrier between Mrs Lyons and Mrs Johnston. Mrs Lyons wants sever all ties with the Johnston family, but they manage to move to the countryside as well. Superstition plays a big part in Blood Brothers. With the Narrator as a constant reminder, the reader sees that Mrs Lyons superstition affects every character in the play. Mrs Lyons is most affected. Simple things that a mother would tell a child would be nonsense to her, but knowing that Mrs Johnston is superstitious helped her get a child. At that point, superstition was an advantage to her. But when she faces the reality of what she has done, Mrs Lyons becomes deluded. The idea of motherhood and surrogacy is also present. Mrs Johnston and Mrs Lyons raise their sons very differently. Mrs Johnston lets Mickey be carefree and wild, but he isnt allowed to play near the ‘big houses in the park. Mrs Lyons raises Eddie the way she desires, but he finds his way back to his biological family. She becomes insane because of Eddies bonds with his real family. This reveals her real personality, compulsive and aggressive. Surrogacy is shown as a bad thing in Blood Brothers, because Mrs Johnston was reluctant to give away her child. Mrs Lyons manipulative personality is seen here, in her desperation to have a child, as she forces Mrs Johnston to give away her son. Blood brothers are also one of the themes mentioned. It started off as a childs alliance to his friend, but carries on until adulthood. The twins do forget about it at times in their life, but it keeps returning. The one who came up with the idea, Mickey, is the one who ends up dismissing it. He thinks nothing of it any more, â€Å"Eddie: [Pause] I thought†¦ I thought we always stuck together. I thought we were†¦ blood brothers. Mickey: That was kids stuff, Eddie, didnt anyone tell you? [Pause. Mickey looking at him. An ironic snort] But I suppose you still are a kid, arent you?† Act 4 Scene 2. Social class and division is also mentioned. Whilst Mickey and Eddie overcome that boundary, their mothers havent. Mrs Johnston is treated very badly because of her low-class status. When Mickey is in trouble with the police, the Policewoman is very patronising and shows Mrs Johnston no respect, â€Å"[to Mrs Johnston] And he was about to commit a serious crime, love, a serious crime. Now do you understand that? [The Mother nods] You dont want to end up in court again do you? Eh? [Shakes her head] Because thats whats going to happen if I have any more trouble from one of yours†¦ † Act 2 Scene 7. The Policewoman uses a threatening tone and rhetorical questions, such as ‘Eh? She also uses repetition because she thinks that Mrs Johnston is poorly educated and inferior to her. Since Eddie was also there at the time, the Policewoman paid a visit to his house too, â€Å"As I say, it was more if a prank really, Mrs Lyons. Id just dock his pocket money if I was you. But one thing I would say, and excuse me if Im interfering, but Id not let him mix with the likes of them in the future. Make sure he keeps with his own kind, Mrs Lyons, not running round with them at the other end†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Act 2 Scene 7. The Policewoman is more polite to Mrs Lyons. She refers to the incident as a crime to Mrs Johnston, but tells Mrs Lyons it was a prank. She doesnt use repetition with Mrs Lyons. She is inside Mrs Lyons house because Mrs Lyons is a respected woman and if the neighbours saw, people would talk. The Policewoman is very two-faced, treating one mother better because of her status. The town, where the characters live, is separated. The reader can see a definite social division. There is the wealthy ‘in the big houses near the park and the workers in the council estate.

Financial aid Essay

REGISTRATION ?THERE IS A COMPULSORY FIRST YEAR SEMINAR THAT ALL FIRST YEAR STUDENTS MUST ATTEND PRIOR to the date of registration. The first year seminar dates will be communicated to you during November 2014. Failing to attend the first year seminar may lead to your space being allocated to another applicant. ?YOUR DATE OF REGISTRATION WILL BE COMMUNICATED TO YOU DURING NOVEMBER 2014. YOU need to register before or on the specified registration date. If you miss this specific registration date, your study space can no longer be guaranteed as we may then  allocate the space to another applicant. Registration dates can also be found on the UJ website at www. uj. ac. za from December 2014 onwards. NATIONAL BENCHMARK TESTS You are required to complete the National Benchmark Test. For more information please go to http://nbt. ac. za or contact the NBT Call Centre at 021 650 3523. FEES Information on tuition and other fees due for 2015 will be available during November 2014. Please visit the UJ website at www. uj. ac. za for more information. BURSARIES Academic merit bursaries are awarded on the grounds of exceptional grade 12 results. Please visit the UJ website at www. uj. ac. za for more information. NSFAS (NATIONAL STUDENT FINANCIAL AID SCHEME) The closing date for the NSFAS loan applications is 1 October 2014 and all enquiries in this regard can be made to nsfas@uj. ac. za RESIDENCE Admission to the University does not guarantee admission to the residences. If you applied for admission to a residence, you will receive a separate letter in this regard. AGREEMENT AND INDEMNITY  ?YOU WILL BE REQUIRED TO COMPLETE, SIGN AND SUBMIT A FORMAL AGREEMENT (INCLUDING AN exemption and indemnity) with the University when you register. ?IF YOU ARE UNDER THE AGE OF 18, A PARENT OR GUARDIAN MUST SIGN THE REQUIRED FORM. ?YOU WILL BE REGISTERED ON THE STRICT UNDERSTANDING THAT YOU AGREE TO ABIDE BY THE Student Charter rules and the Academic Regulations of the University of Johannesburg and of the faculty. ? YOU UNDERTAKE TO PAY THE PRESCRIBED FEES AND ACCEPT THAT YOU ARE BOUND BY THE provisions of the formal agreement. Sincerely, Student Enrolment Centre 011 559 4555.

How does Charlotte Bronte build up tension?

Charlotte Bronte wrote Jane Eyre in 1847. Throughout this novel Bronte criticises and challenges some views and believes that she experienced herself within the injustice of the Victorian society. In this essay I am going to use chapter 23 to show how tension is built up in terms of language, feelings and symbols. Firstly, I'm going to include a brief summery of the plot and at the same time highlight the main characters I'll be working with. Secondly, I will include the history of the time the book was written in and comment on how it links with the story. Finally, I am going to point out and explain the many different techniques Bronte uses to build up tension. Jane Eyre opens with the narrator, the adult Jane Eyre recalling her childhood experiences growing up as an orphan at Gateshead, the home of her unfriendly aunt, and her children. Jane is always wrongly punished, she was even sent away to Lowwood charity school where pupils are treated appallingly. There she passes six years as a student, then two as a teacher. After that Jane becomes a governess at Thornfield, owned by Mr. Rochester. Jane falls in love with her master and Rochester asks Jane to marry him, she agreed. On the day of their marriage Jane discovers that Rochester is already married, she then refuses to be Rochester's mistress and leaves Thornfield. Later she becomes a teacher at a new local school; she also meets her three cousins. St John [her cousin] proposes marriage to Jane; however she refuses as she still loves Rochester. Finally, she returns to her master to find out that he has been maimed and blinded when his first wife burned down Thornfield and killed her self. The novel ends with Rochester's marriage to Jane and a description of the happy life ahead of them. The main characters I'll be mentioning in this essay are Jane Eyre and Edward Rochester. The heroine and narrator of the novel, Jane is an intelligent, honest, plain-featured young girl forced to compete with oppression, inequality, and hardship. She has also developed a sense of right and wrong from an early age. Despite being naive and innocent she is still able to look after her self and became very independent. On the other hand, Edward Rochester is a passionate man with a dark secret that provides much of the novel's suspense. He was a very unhappy man when we first met him, however his pure love for Jane eventually changes him back to the man he was. By the end of the book his blinded and crippled state was used to metaphors his loss of arrogance and pride. Charlotte Bronte is attacking the social injustices that were present in the nineteenth century. She successfully does this and clearly portrays what life was like at the time the book is set. Today, men and women are treated equally, which was certainly not the case in the nineteenth century. Women, in the nineteenth century were treated as if they were inferior to men, ‘Seating himself in an armchair, he intimated by a gesture that I was to approach and stand before himi. At that time also, very few occupations were open to those who had to support themselves. Marriage was too seen to be the only desirable goal for women, and was taken very seriously as a financial or a business deal. Poor girls such as Jane had very few options open to them apart from using their education as a source of strength. Social status was very important in the nineteenth century. Class divisions were far more fixed and pronounced than they are today. In the novel, Jane is very conscious that, socially, she is inferior to many of those with whom she associates in spite of being a ‘lady'. At that time, money only can determine where anyone can fit on the social ladder. Therefore, the theme of respect being earned and not deserved due to one's bank balance is important in this novel. In this novel Bronte uses many ways to build up tension particularly in chapter 23. The most recurring and effective method is her use of ‘Pathetic Fallacy', which is the use of natural description to convey inner feelings or the status of the character. For example, in chapter 23 she uses a lovely night for the proposal to echo and reinforce Jane's happiness â€Å"the nightingale's song was then the only voice of the hour†. In contrast, Bronte uses a â€Å"heavy shower† in chapter 37 to convey Jane's pain and sorrow at seeing her master and loved one in that state. Yet, charlotte Bronte used the sudden change in weather at the end of chapter 23 to signify that Jane and Rochester's union is not right. One of the numerous ways in which Bronte builds up tension is her use of hints and clues which relates to things happening later in the novel. In the quote â€Å"the great horse-chestnut at the bottom of the orchard had been struck by lightning in the night, and half of it split away† Bronte used the chestnut tree which symbolises Jane and Rochester's future union in marriage separated into two by a bolt of lightening- a symbol of either God's unhappiness about Rochester's deed or Bertha coming between them- to hint to us that something is going to stop the couple from getting married later on. I think that this is very effective way to build up apprehension as the reader will wonder what kind of thing is going to break the great love between them; hence it is a good way to keep people reading until they find out. Later on in chapter 37 Mr. Rochester is comparing himself with the â€Å"the old lightening-struck chestnut tree† which reminds the reader that what happened was exactly as foreshadowed in chapter 23. The way Bronte uses questions to convey the status of power in both chapter 23 and 37 builds up a great deal of apprehension for the reader. In chapter 23 Rochester is asking Jane many questions he very well know their answers, â€Å"you must have become in some degree attached to house? † and â€Å"we have been good friends, Jane; have we not? † These questions and many others show clearly that Mr. Rochester is using his powerful position as Jane's employer to tease her, and since she is dependent on him for her living she can't by any mean treat him in the same way he treats her. This would draw the readers into the story by setting up expectations of what will happen later on, as they know that Jane had always refused to be dominated and that resulted in angry outbursts against people trying to control her. In the early chapters she returned the same bad treatment back to her cruel cousin. And in chapter 6, we see that again when she says: â€Å"when we are struck at without a reason, we should strike back again very hard†, this shows Jane's strong believe in standing up to oppression and undeserved cruelty, which is what is happening again in chapter 23. During their conversation, Rochester tells Jane she'll soon need to leave Thornfield forever because he's finally decided to marry Blanche Ingram. Teasingly Rochester also tells her of a governess position, undertaking the education of the five daughters of Mrs. Dionysius O'Gall of Bitternutt Lodge in Ireland, â€Å"indeed I have already, through my future mother-in-law, hearted of a place that I think will suit you†¦.. you'll like Ireland , I think: they're such warm-hearted people there, they say† . Here you can notice that Rochester is torturing Jane with the idea of marrying another. However, I personally think that his behavior could be interpreted in a different way; since Rochester is a proud man he forced Jane into confessing her real feelings in order to be sure that his suspicions are correct, still I think there are many other ways to do so which are not as unkind. Mr. Rochester tells Jane that he feels as though they are connected by a â€Å"cord of communion. † Jane sobs-â€Å"for I could repress what I endured no longer,† she tells us, â€Å"I was obliged to yield. Jane confesses her love for Rochester, and to her surprise, he proposes marriage. Yet she believes that Rochester may be still playing with her feelings, that he may see her as an automaton, â€Å"a machine without feelings†; because she is â€Å"poor, obscure, plain, and little,† he may mistakenly think she is also â€Å"soulless and heartless. † At this point, she speaks to him beyond the â€Å"medium of custom, conventionalities,† even flesh, and her spirit addresses his spirit in a relationship of equality. Again, Jane creates equality by moving the relationship outside of the material world, and into the spiritual: At â€Å"God's feet,† they can stand side-by-side, rather than with Rochester leading, Jane following. This section of chapter 23 creates lots of tension for the reader as they will set up expectations as what reactions will Mr. Rochester make. Rochester convinces Jane that he only brought up marrying Blanche in order to arouse Jane's jealousy; when she reads the truth in his face she accepts his proposal. He then savagely declares that God has sanctioned their union, so he doesn't care what society thinks of the relationship. However, it is also important to note that nowhere in Jane Eyre are society's boundaries bent, Jane is Rochester's intellectual, but not his social, equal; Jane is also hesitant to marry Rochester because she senses that she would feel indebted to him for â€Å"condescending† to marry her. Ultimately, Jane is only able to marry Rochester as his equal because she has almost magically come into her own inheritance from her uncle. After achieving independence by finding a family in the Riverses and wealth in her inheritance, Jane is now free to return to Rochester to complete her triumph. Additionally, because Rochester has been blinded by the fire and has lost his manor house at the end of the novel, he became dependent upon Jane to be his â€Å"prop and guide. † it is clear now that Mr. Rochester has become weaker while Jane has grown in strength-Jane claims that they are equals, but it is obvious that she is more powerful than him. This can also be seen noticeably in the way she teases Rochester with her answers in chapter 37. â€Å"his appearance-I forgot the description you gave me of his appearance; – a sort of raw curate†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. To provoke him Jane answers:†St John dresses well. He is a handsome man: tall, fair, with blue eyes, and a Grecian profile. † This is very entertaining and apprehensive for the readers in the same time. The reader will feel happy that Jane is now powerful enough to return the same teasing Rochester did in chapter 23, but at the same time the reader will be wondering about the Rochester's reaction. However, Rochester welcomes Jane back with open arms, realising that he will never possess her the way he once wanted to, but that she, in fact, will end up possessing him. The opening of chapter 38 without a doubt will shock readers in the 19th century as well as readers nowadays. Jane says: â€Å"Reader, I married him†. This proves how powerful and controlling Jane has become; she did not say usual stereotypes like â€Å"we got married† or â€Å"he married me†, which illustrates that she did not only become more powerful financially but also on the gender bases. The fact that Jane is the narrator creates a huge amount of anxiety to the reader. This is because the reader will wonder where she is in the future and what happened to her. This as a result will make the reader more attached to the book to find out. To conclude, I think that Jane Eyre is an interesting book that will appeal to readers both now and in the 19th century as some of the injustices are still occurring today. Bronte used many techniques in this book to build up tension. For example she uses the method of ‘Pathetic Fallacy' as well as many symbols to create suspense. She also uses aspects from the history of her time like class boundaries, equality very effectively to make the reader more anxious. Another way in which Bronte creates tension is by using the shifts in power between Jane and Rochester.

American Dream or American Scream Essay - 1273 Words

America the beautiful. With its spacious skies and amber waves of grain. From one shining sea to another lies this relatively adolescent country. An â€Å"unestablished† land until very recently, the United States of America was adopted and cultured like one of Brangelina’s children. In crept the â€Å"American Dream†, laced with its fierce politics and even fiercer religious perspectives, simultaneously providing its citizens the fire and passion that drives all, if not many cultures. And, with such a rapid development of diversity in such a short amount of time, there arose a particular cohesiveness amongst families that surpassed all its rivals. Memories of sporting events, movie dates, and trips to Disneyland released charges of dopamine†¦show more content†¦One could say with conviction that the way a country regards its inhabitants; more importantly the care of its children, the equality of its women, as well as its interactions among fellow c ountrymen, is a direct reflection of the overall happiness of that country. There is positively no doubt that the children of the world represent the future. As blanket a statement as it may be, it is a completely different venture to actually empower the youth with the tools they will need as they progress further into adulthood. Here in the United States, I’d like to think we take good care of our children for the most part. We provide them with a public education that is funded by the government, which also funds an incredibly unbeatable military force. Additionally, if a youngster is athletically gifted he or she might be granted a scholarship to a university on what is called a â€Å"free ride†. Thus, it would seem that every American child has the opportunity to achieve such heights. However, it would be faulty to assume that this type of system simply constitutes the success of all youth who are educated in the United States. In a study provided by the U .S. Department of Education and National Institute of Literacy, â€Å"32 million adults can’t read. That’s 14 percent of the population. [Also] 21 percent of adults in the U.S. read below a 5th grade level, and 19 percentShow MoreRelatedIn Death of a Salesman as well as in American Beauty, the main conflicts revolve around a great1300 Words   |  6 PagesIn Death of a Salesman as well as in American Beauty, the main conflicts revolve around a great basic problem, which is the appearance as a way of life and expression to the outside. 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According to Dictionary.com, the American Dream is defined as â€Å"The ideal that every U.S. citizen should have an equal opportunity to achieve success and prosperity through hard work, determination, and initiative.† While this definition may be true, I believe that there is much more to it. I believe that the American dream is different for each and every person. Literature is a great medium to see